Sound in reindeer breeding and crafts of ob-ugrians
Abstract
In the article, for the first time in ethnomusicology, the phenomena of the intonation culture of the Khanty and Mansi (Ob-Ugrians) associated with reindeer breeding and hunting of these ethnoses are considered in a comprehensive manner. This work is based on materials collected by the author during expeditions to the north of Western Siberia from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The signals of reindeer herders for managing the herd, invoking the elements (sun, rain and wind), onomatopoeia to animals and birds are analyzed. The types of reindeer herding commands are determined by two basic positions of the reindeer breeder (in front or behind the herd). Constant combinations of syllables with ascending and descending intonations (sounds as symbols) used by the shepherd in different situations are found. Invocations of the elements are carried out by voice (invoke of the sun and rain) and with the help of two types of phono-instruments, which had ritual and magical functions in the past time (invoke of wind). The vocal and instrumental imitations of the voices of hunting’ animals (bear, reindeer, elk) and birds (ducks, hazel grouse, black grouse, etc.), as well as onomatopoeia used in rituals and the musical sphere, are described. Signals, onomatopoeia, invokes created with the help of a phono-instrument or a human voice are an integral part of the sounding landscape of Ugra.
About the Author
G. E. Soldatova
Institute of Philology of Siberian Branch of Russian
Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Galina E. Soldatova, Cand. Sc. (Art Criticism), lead researcher, Novosibirsk, 630090
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Review
For citations:
Soldatova G.E. Sound in reindeer breeding and crafts of ob-ugrians. ARTE. 2022;(4):46-53. (In Russ.)
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